{"id":3139,"date":"2013-05-28T10:47:14","date_gmt":"2013-05-28T09:47:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.handy-games.com\/?p=3139"},"modified":"2016-06-28T15:27:20","modified_gmt":"2016-06-28T14:27:20","slug":"50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/","title":{"rendered":"50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]German developer HandyGames has been ripping up Google Play over the past couple of years.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, it&#8217;s now reached 50 million downloads, which it helpfully points out means that it accounts of one in every thousand of the 48 billion downloads from the marketplace.<\/p>\n<p>A good opportunity then to quiz CEO Christopher Kassulke about the reasons for its success.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pocket Gamer: 50 million is a big number. How does this breakdown in terms of your titles on Google Play?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Christopher Kassulke:<\/strong> Titles such as <a title=\"Townsmen\" href=\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/games\/townsmen\/\">Townsmen<\/a>, <a title=\"Clouds &amp; Sheep\" href=\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/games\/clouds-and-sheep\/\">Clouds&amp;Sheep<\/a>, <a title=\"Guns \u2018n\u2019 Glory\" href=\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/games\/guns-n-glory\/\">Guns&#8217;n&#8217;Glory<\/a> and <a title=\"Aces of the Luftwaffe\" href=\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/games\/aces-of-the-luftwaffe\/\">Aces of the Luftwaffe<\/a> are great performing titles for us.<\/p>\n<p>But our success is based on our portfolio, which has an average user rating of 4.5\/5. We are not a one-hit company: we regularly try out new genres and titles.<br \/>\nAnd 50 million downloads on Google Play is just the beginning for us.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why do you think HandyGames is more successful on Android than other platforms?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Each platform is different and we are active on <a title=\"iPhone Games\" href=\"\/?page_id=725\">iOS<\/a> and just launched successfully on <a title=\"Windows Phone 8 Games\" href=\"\/?page_id=1923\">Windows Phone<\/a> too.<\/p>\n<p>But we see <a title=\"Android Games\" href=\"\/?page_id=1914\">Android<\/a> as an important platform to reach our global audience. We&#8217;ve cooperated with Google and other Android supporters such as Samsung, Sony, HTC, <a title=\"Amazon Android Games\" href=\"\/?page_id=1932\">Amazon<\/a>, and Barnes &amp; Noble since the start, because we believed in the platform very early on.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, we were one of the first companies to move to the free-to-play model, which boosted our downloads even more.<\/p>\n<p>iOS is still reckoned to be a more lucrative platform for monetisation (3x per player), so how do you deal with this on Android?<\/p>\n<p>I cannot speak for other developers but Android is a very lucrative platform for us. You just need to understand how to monetise on Android. It&#8217;s completely different to what you know and used on iOS.<\/p>\n<p>We want to deliver a great user experience on all major platforms. Android is a platform with 900 million activated devices. If you don&#8217;t work on that platform, you are missing out a huge piece of the cake.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What do you think are the most important user acquisition channels on Google Play?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Quality first! That counts on all platforms, not only Google Play. The product itself need to be high quality otherwise consumers will not rate the product or speak about it.<\/p>\n<p>Word-to-mouth is so important these days. You trust your friends more than others. I also love the new Google Play game services as you can see if your friends play the game too. If they do, you can compete against them.<\/p>\n<p>At HandyGames, we were early to cross-promote our games, using the adverts within our games to show consumers new titles from our studio. Now, we offer third party developers the opportunity to advertise within our games, so it&#8217;s not only limited to our own products.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What&#8217;s next from HandyGames on Google Play?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;ve just done some huge updates on Google Play to support the new game services.<\/p>\n<p>Titles like <a title=\"Save the Puppies\" href=\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/games\/save-the-puppies\/\">Save the Puppies<\/a>, <a title=\"Farm Invasion USA\" href=\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/games\/farm-invasion-usa\/\">Farm Invasion USA<\/a>, <a title=\"Townsmen\" href=\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/games\/townsmen\/\">Townsmen<\/a> and <a title=\"Rocket Island\" href=\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/games\/rocket-island\/\">Rocket Island<\/a> already have these features and we will update our portfolio step-by-step.<\/p>\n<p>We also showed off the beta version of the multiplayer mode of our upcoming hardcore strategy title <a title=\"1941 Frozen Front\" href=\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/games\/1941-frozen-front\/\">1941 Frozen Front<\/a> at Google I\/O 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Plus we have several products in the pipeline which we will release on all platforms the coming months. I am super excited about the titles we&#8217;re currently developing.<\/p>\n<p>You&#8217;ll be able to see what Christopher&#8217;s talking about as it&#8217;s revealed on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/handygames\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook<\/a> or <a href=\"http:\/\/plus.google.com\/103216805066358825253\" target=\"_blank\">Google+<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pocketgamer.biz\/interview\/51193\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/\" target=\"_blank\">pocketgamer.biz<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;2866&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; img_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;20&#8243;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;1977&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; img_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221;][vc_column_text]<em>Guns&#8217;n&#8217;Glory provides plenty of glory for HandyGames<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;20&#8243;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;1845&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; img_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221;][vc_column_text]<em>Next up comes strategy game 1941 Frozen Front<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]German developer HandyGames has been ripping up Google Play over the past couple of years. Indeed, it&#8217;s now reached 50 million downloads, which it helpfully points out means that it accounts of one in every thousand of the 48 billion downloads from the marketplace. A good opportunity then to&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3760,3],"tags":[5,13,532,20,2356,523,522],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play | HandyGames\u2122<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play | HandyGames\u2122\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]German developer HandyGames has been ripping up Google Play over the past couple of years. Indeed, it&#8217;s now reached 50 million downloads, which it helpfully points out means that it accounts of one in every thousand of the 48 billion downloads from the marketplace. A good opportunity then to...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HandyGames\u2122\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/handygames\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-05-28T09:47:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-06-28T14:27:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.handy-games.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/ChristopherKassulke.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"HandyGames\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@handy_games\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@handy_games\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"HandyGames\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"HandyGames\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/708c934c72c00ddd594b93c6074cde98\"},\"headline\":\"50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-05-28T09:47:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-06-28T14:27:20+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/\"},\"wordCount\":679,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"1941 Frozen Front\",\"Business\",\"Christopher Kassulke\",\"Google Play\",\"Guns \u2018n\u2019 Glory\",\"Interview\",\"pocketgamer.biz\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Company News\",\"General News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/\",\"name\":\"50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play | HandyGames\u2122\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2013-05-28T09:47:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-06-28T14:27:20+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Company News\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/category\/cat-companynews\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/\",\"name\":\"HandyGames\u2122\",\"description\":\"We operate as an international indie games publisher and developer for titles on cutting-edge consoles, PC, and VR, as well as premium mobile games from great teams around the world.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"HandyGames\u2122\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.handy-games.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/HandyGames-THQ_2022_RGB.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.handy-games.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/HandyGames-THQ_2022_RGB.png\",\"width\":1800,\"height\":704,\"caption\":\"HandyGames\u2122\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/handygames\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/handy_games\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/handygames\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/HandyGamesGmbH\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/708c934c72c00ddd594b93c6074cde98\",\"name\":\"HandyGames\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/63f18a928c52e808577a5924adf2dbb8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/63f18a928c52e808577a5924adf2dbb8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"HandyGames\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/handy_games\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/author\/michael-hall\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play | HandyGames\u2122","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play | HandyGames\u2122","og_description":"[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]German developer HandyGames has been ripping up Google Play over the past couple of years. Indeed, it&#8217;s now reached 50 million downloads, which it helpfully points out means that it accounts of one in every thousand of the 48 billion downloads from the marketplace. A good opportunity then to...","og_url":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/","og_site_name":"HandyGames\u2122","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/handygames\/","article_published_time":"2013-05-28T09:47:14+00:00","article_modified_time":"2016-06-28T14:27:20+00:00","og_image":[{"width":480,"height":480,"url":"https:\/\/www.handy-games.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/ChristopherKassulke.jpg","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"HandyGames","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@handy_games","twitter_site":"@handy_games","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"HandyGames","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/"},"author":{"name":"HandyGames","@id":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/708c934c72c00ddd594b93c6074cde98"},"headline":"50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play","datePublished":"2013-05-28T09:47:14+00:00","dateModified":"2016-06-28T14:27:20+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/"},"wordCount":679,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#organization"},"keywords":["1941 Frozen Front","Business","Christopher Kassulke","Google Play","Guns \u2018n\u2019 Glory","Interview","pocketgamer.biz"],"articleSection":["Company News","General News"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/","url":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/","name":"50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play | HandyGames\u2122","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2013-05-28T09:47:14+00:00","dateModified":"2016-06-28T14:27:20+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/50-million-downloads-strong-handygames-on-taming-and-monetising-google-play\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Company News","item":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/category\/cat-companynews\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"50 million downloads-strong: HandyGames on taming and monetising Google Play"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/","name":"HandyGames\u2122","description":"We operate as an international indie games publisher and developer for titles on cutting-edge consoles, PC, and VR, as well as premium mobile games from great teams around the world.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#organization","name":"HandyGames\u2122","url":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.handy-games.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/HandyGames-THQ_2022_RGB.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.handy-games.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/HandyGames-THQ_2022_RGB.png","width":1800,"height":704,"caption":"HandyGames\u2122"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/handygames\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/handy_games","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/handygames\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/HandyGamesGmbH"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/708c934c72c00ddd594b93c6074cde98","name":"HandyGames","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/remote.handy-games.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/63f18a928c52e808577a5924adf2dbb8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/63f18a928c52e808577a5924adf2dbb8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"HandyGames"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/handy_games"],"url":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/author\/michael-hall\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3139"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3139"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34001,"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3139\/revisions\/34001"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/handy-games.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}